cyclin d1 การใช้

• Cyclin D1 is a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.
• Generally, cyclin D1 is expressed but it may not be required.
• Cyclin D1 has been found to be overexpressed in breast carcinoma.
• C-jun regulates the transcriptional level of cyclin D1, which is a major Rb kinase.
• It was found that depletion of these eRNAs led to Cyclin D1 transcriptional silencing.
• This results in activated c-jun and its downstream targets such as RACK1 and cyclin D1.
• Cyclin D1-dependent kinase, through phosphorylating NRF-1 at S47, coordinates nuclear DNA synthesis and mitochondrial function.
• Cyclin D1 is degraded via an ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway at the end of the S-phase.
• Chromosomal translocation around the cyclin D1 gene locus is often seen in B mantle cell lymphoma.
• The CCND1 gene encodes the cyclin D1 protein.
• Cyclin D1 is a protein required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
• Therefore, c-jun is required for maintaining sufficient cyclin D1 kinase activity and allowing cell cycle progression.
• A DIF-3-like molecule was shown to reduce proliferation of breast cancer cells by blocking cyclin D1 activity.
• In mantle cell lymphoma, cyclin D1 is translocated to the IgH promoter leading to cyclin D1 overexpression.
• Following DNA damage, cyclin D ( cyclin D1 ) is rapidly and transiently degraded by the proteasome.
• In mantle cell lymphoma, cyclin D1 is translocated to the IgH promoter leading to cyclin D1 overexpression.
• IKK-? has also been reported to regulate the cell cycle protein cyclin D1 in an NF-?B-independent manner.
• Secondly, the link to Cyclin D1 ( as mentioned above ) is only seen in renal cells.
• The cyclin D1-CDK4 complex promotes passage through the G1 phase by inhibiting the retinoblastoma protein ( pRb ).
• By immunohistochemistry the lymphoma cells expressed CD20, CD5 and Cyclin D1 ( high power view, H & E)